Making Tax Digital (MTD)

Making Tax Digital (MTD) is an ambitious programme to modernise the UK tax system by requiring businesses and individuals to maintain digital accounting records and engage with HMRC in real time. AIA supports the aims of MTD, which seek to enhance the efficiency, resilience and accessibility of the UK tax system for taxpayers and their agents.

Making Tax Digital for Income Tax Self Assessment (MTD for ITSA)

Making Tax Digital for Income Tax Self Assessment (MTD for ITSA) requires businesses and landlords with qualifying income to maintain digital records and update HMRC each quarter using compatible software.

MTD ITSA will be introduced in phases for sole traders and landlords, based on their gross annual income from self-employment and property (before expenses, allowances, and tax deductions).

From April 2026, sole traders and landlords with gross income over £50,000 will need to keep digital records and submit quarterly updates to HMRC.

You or your client will need to use Making Tax Digital for Income Tax from 6 April 2026 if all the following apply. You or your client: 

Making Tax Digital for VAT (MTD for VAT)

Rules introduced under the Making Tax Digital initiative mean that all VAT registered businesses need to keep digital records and submit VAT Returns to HMRC using compatible software.

This notice:

  • explains the digital records businesses must keep, and ways to record transactions digitally in certain special circumstances
  • explains what counts as compatible software, and when software programs do and do not need to be digitally linked where a combination of programs is used
  • gives examples of when digital links are required

Guidance from AIA

MTD Insights

This MTD Insights page has been curated by AIA to provide members with clear, up‑to‑date guidance and practical support on Making Tax Digital. It brings together the latest information to help you understand how MTD affects both your practice and your clients, with resources designed to make compliance easier and more accessible.

Webinars

AIA regularly hosts dedicated webinars on Making Tax Digital, giving members clear, practical insights into upcoming requirements and compliance obligations. Working closely with trusted third‑party experts and HMRC, AIA has developed a wide range of guidance to help practitioners navigate MTD with confidence. All past sessions and supporting materials are available through CPD On Demand, allowing members to access high‑quality MTD content whenever it suits their schedule.

Latest webinar

This session gives a clear, practical overview of Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax and what sole traders and landlords need to do to prepare with confidence. It explains who will be affected and when, using the phased mandation dates and real‑life income examples to help those affected to understand how their own property income triggers MTD requirements.

The webinar covers the core obligations accountants and clients will face, including digital record‑keeping, quarterly updates and submitting an end‑of‑year tax return through MTD‑compatible software. It demystifies what counts as qualifying income, how jointly owned properties are treated, and the simplifications available to reduce administrative burden.

Importantly, it also covers exemptions, including digital exclusion and automatic exemptions, so those affected can assess their position early. With clear explanations of software options and the benefits of signing up voluntarily ahead of mandation, this presentation details how to plan, budget and transition smoothly to MTD, avoiding last‑minute surprises and staying compliant.

Additional MTD past webinars and supporting materials are available through CPD On Demand.

AI MTD Advisor

Mira, AIA’s AI MTD Advisor, is here to support members with quick, reliable guidance on Making Tax Digital. Whether you’re checking your obligations, looking for practical steps to stay compliant, or simply want more information on the latest MTD requirements, you can use the chatbot at any time for concise, up‑to‑date answers. Mira is designed to help you navigate MTD with confidence and save time in your day-to-day work.

Try asking "How should I prepare my clients for MTD?"

 

This AI tool provides general information and guidance only. It does not constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon as such. You should seek independent professional advice before taking any action based on the information generated. The Association of International Accountants (AIA) accepts no responsibility or liability for any loss, damage, or consequences arising from the use of this tool or reliance on its outputs.

 

Guidance from HMRC

HMRC MTD Collections Page

Keep updated with the latest announcements from HMRC including finding out about using Making Tax Digital for Income Tax, software choices and step by step guidance for sole traders, landlords, and agents.

HMRC Guide

Agent Toolkit

This toolkit from HMRC is intended to help you prepare yourself and your clients for MTD for Income Tax.

Interactive HMRC Checker Tool

HMRC have launched an interactive MTD tool: Check if you need to use Making Tax Digital for Income Tax.

MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment (MTD ITSA) becomes mandatory for the first taxpayers from April 2026. The new tool is intended to make it simpler for taxpayers (and their agents) to understand if they are in scope of MTD ITSA and, if so, when they need to start complying with the requirements.

Webpages and resources

Videos

Video explanation for agents of Making Tax Digital for Income Tax. View all playlist.

Announcements

Applications for exemption

In the November 2025 Budget, HMRC announced an expanded set of circumstances under which taxpayers can be exempted from joining Making Tax Digital for Income Tax Self Assessment (MTD ITSA). This included confirmation of new permanent exemptions, such as for individuals operating under a Power of Attorney and those under a Court of Protection deputyship, as well as additional one‑year deferrals for certain specialist groups, including recipients of trust and estates income, individuals using averaging adjustments, and qualifying care providers. These changes mean that HMRC is now accepting exemption applications across a broader range of situations than previously allowed.

From 29 January 2026 taxpayers can apply directly by contacting HMRC, either by phone or in writing, explaining why it is not reasonable or practical for them to use MTD‑compatible software. Applications may also be made by an authorised agent, or by a friend or family member with proper authorisation, following the steps set out in HMRC’s updated guidance.

Budget 2025

Budget 2025 (published 26–27 November 2025) included several important updates relating to Making Tax Digital for Income Tax Self Assessment (MTD ITSA). The announcements focused primarily on easing the transition for early joiners and clarifying penalties, deferrals, and exemptions. Further changes to MTD emerging at the Budget included a ‘soft landing’ for late filing penalties applying to quarterly updates in 2026/26.

The Government confirmed that taxpayers joining MTD ITSA in April 2026 will not receive penalty points for late submission of their first four quarterly updates. This applies only to the April 2026 cohort and not to taxpayers mandated in 2027 or 2028.

Legislation Day 2025

On 21 July 2025 (Legislation Day / L Day), the Government and HMRC published draft legislation and policy papers for Finance Bill 2025–26, including several significant updates to Making Tax Digital (MTD). Key points included:

  • Updated Draft Legislation for MTD for Income Tax
    • HMRC released draft legislation refining and simplifying MTD for Income Tax and the penalty reform regime. This included:
      • Technical and policy amendments to support smooth implementation.
      • New powers to cancel or reset late submission penalty points and associated financial penalties.
  • Deferred and Exempt Taxpayer Groups
    • The Government confirmed deferrals until at least April 2029 for certain groups, including:
      Ministers of religion
      • Lloyd’s underwriters
      • Recipients of Blind Person’s Allowance
      • Other groups, such as individuals with power of attorney and non-UK resident entertainers, will be permanently exempt from MTD for Income Tax.
  • Mandatory Adoption Dates and Income Threshold Changes
    • Legislation Day 2025 confirmed and expanded the phased introduction of MTD ITSA:
      • From April 2026: Mandatory for sole traders/landlords earning over £50,000.
      • From April 2027: Extends to those earning over £30,000.
      • From April 2028: Threshold reduced to £20,000, bringing a further ~900,000 taxpayers into MTD.
      • Taxpayers within MTD must file their end of year return using MTD compatible software.
  • Confirmation of MTD for Corporation Tax Not Proceeding
    • HMRC confirmed that MTD for Corporation Tax would not be introduced, though work continues on modernising CT administration.
  • Additional Draft Legislation Covering Streamlining Measures
    • The Government also published further draft clauses focused on:
      • Streamlining the end of year MTD process
      • Finalising design elements of the MTD ITSA framework
      • Adjusting exemptions and deferrals

Spring Statement 2025

Within the Spring Statement 2025 the government announced some important policy developments for MTD ITSA which clarify and improve key areas of policy design and support HMRC's delivery plans.

The key details can be read in ’Modernising the Tax System Through Making Tax Digital'.

  • At the Autumn Budget in October 2024, the government announced that the qualifying income threshold for MTD for Income Tax would be reduced to £20,000 during this Parliament. The government has confirmed that this threshold will be effective from April 2028.
  • The government also confirmed that users will be required to submit their end of year information and final declaration/tax return using software and will be unable to use alternative methods of submission.

Autumn Statement 2024 

At the Autumn Budget on 30 October 2024, the Government made a clear commitment to delivering MTD for ITSA.

It also confirmed that the first taxpayers to join MTD for ITSA will be those with income from trading and property of over £50,000, who will be required to join in April 2026. Those with income between £30,000 and £50,000 will then join a year later in April 2027.

A commitment was also made to expand MTD for ITSA to those with income over £20,000 by the end of this Parliament, with the precise timing to be set out at a future fiscal statement.

Updated Regulations and Notices

On 22 February 2024, the Income Tax (Digital Requirements) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 were laid before Parliament. These regulations amend the existing Income Tax (Digital Requirements) Regulations 2021 to reflect the changes to the timetable for MTD for ITSA originally announced in December 2022 and the Autumn Statement 2023 changes (see below).

Alongside these, HMRC also published an Update Notice which provides more information as to what should be included in quarterly updates under MTD for ITSA.

What is MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment?

What is MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment?

Under the requirements of MTD, individuals who are subject to income tax on the profits of their trade, profession, vocation or property business will be required to keep their accounting records electronically (either using suitable software or on spreadsheet) and file quarterly returns to HMRC with details of their income and expenditure together with any other information that HMRC specifies. A digital tax return will then be submitted after the tax year to finalise the individual’s tax position.

Although the frequency of reporting is going to change, the timing of tax payments will not and the current system of payments on account and balancing payment by 31 January after the tax year is expected to remain in place for the foreseeable future.

Timetable for MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment

Timetable for MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment

The mandation of MTD will be phased, with the exact date dependent on the taxpayer's income:

  • From April 2026, self-employed individuals and landlords with incomes from those sources of more than £50,000 will be mandated into MTD.
  • Those with income from self-employment and/or property of more than £30,000 will be mandated from April 2027.
  • Individuals with self-employment and/or property income over £20,000 will have to join MTD from April 2028.

Although the Government has said they remain committed to extending MTD to general partnerships,  no 'start date' has been confirmed.

All other partnerships (e.g. those that have corporate partners and Limited Liability Partnerships) are also expected to be required to join MTD at a future date (to be confirmed).  

Exemptions from MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment

Exemptions from MTD for Income Tax Self-Assessment

There will be limited automatic exemptions from MTD and other exemptions which will need to be claimed.

See MTD exemptions guidance on GOV.UK for further details. 

Reporting Requirements

Reporting Requirements

Quarterly updates

All businesses within MTD for ITSA will have to provide quarterly updates of their income and expenses. These quarterly updates will be cumulative, and cover the following periods, with the following deadlines, regardless of the accounting period end of the business:

  Period covered Filing deadline
Quarterly update 1 6 April to 5 July 7 August
Quarterly update 2 6 April to 5 October 7 November
Quarterly update 3 6 April to 5 January 7 February
Quarterly update 4 6 April to 5 April 7 May

Alternatively, businesses can make a 'calendar quarter election' which allows them to draw up quarterly updates to the end of the previous month. Where this election is made, the quarterly updates will be as follows:

  Period covered Filing deadline
Quarterly update 1 1 June to 30 June 7 August
Quarterly update 2 1 April to 30 September 7 November
Quarterly update 3 1 April to 31 December 7 February
Quarterly update 4 1 April to 31 March 7 May

The first quarterly updates under MTD for ITSA will therefore be due for filing by 7 August 2026, and will cover either the quarter ended 5 July 2026, or 30 June 2026 (where a calendar quarter election is in place).

Separate quarterly updates will be required for each trade or property business carried on by an individual. There is no requirement to make tax or accounting adjustments to the information provided in quarterly updates.

An Update Notice published on 22 February 2024 sets out the categories of income and expenses which will need to be reported in the quarterly updates. This also confirms that, where a business has an annual turnover below the VAT registration threshold, it may choose to provide the total of all income and the total of all expenses in the quarter, instead of the totals of the amounts falling within each category of transaction. Retailers can also opt to record their daily gross takings, rather than each individual sale they make.

At the Autumn Statement 2023, it was announced that relaxed reporting requirements would apply for joint property owners, who can choose to only report their share of the property income (and not expenses) in their quarterly updates. Further information on this relaxation is expected later this year in the form of a Joint Property Notice. A draft of this notice was published for consultation in December 2023.

End of Period Statement (EOPS)

The EOPS was intended to perform a similar role to the self-employment or property pages on the current ITSA return - i.e. making the required tax and accounting adjustments and finalising the tax position of the trade or business.

At the Autumn Statement on 22 November 2023, it was announced that the EOPS would be removed as a formal requirement. Instead, this process will be rolled into the Final Declaration.

Final declaration

The Final Declaration will bring together all business and personal information needed to determine the final tax liability, including information from MTD sources of income (e.g. trading and property income) and non-MTD sources of income (e.g. dividends and interest), allowances and reliefs.

Only a single final declaration will be required for each taxpayer. This will be due by the normal self-assessment deadline of 31 January following the relevant tax year.

Agent Services Account (ASA)

Agent Services Account (ASA)

In order to access MTD services and to supply updates on behalf of clients, agents need an Agent Services Account (ASA). Each agency will have just one ASA per firm, and will be able to set up staff with administrator or assistant access to the account. Many AIA members may already have created an ASA in order to submit MTD for VAT returns or Trust Registration Service returns.  

A basic outline of the ASA and how to set one up can be found here

HMRC publish details of any down time for maintenance or service issues.

Legislation

Legislation

Enabling primary legislation for MTD for Income Tax was included in Sections 60 to 61 and Schedule 14 of the Finance (No.2) Act 2017.  

On 24 March 2026, updated Regulations setting out more details on MTD were laid. These replace the previous Regulations which were laid on 23 September 2021 and amended by the Income Tax (Digital Requirements) (Amendment) Regulations 2024.  Tertiary legislation comprising an Update Notice and a Digital Record Keeping Notice was published in early 2025.

Software

Software

Individuals within MTD for Income tax will be required to use software to keep their records and submit returns to HMRC via their Application Programming Interface (API). 

There are essentially three different types of MTD compliant software:

  • Software packages that can be used to keep digital records and file returns via HMRC’s API.
  • API enabled spreadsheets – spreadsheets with an inbuilt function allowing them to file returns via HMRC’s API.
  • Bridging software which can take return information from an existing spreadsheet and submit this to HMRC via their API.

Where a spreadsheet is used, the relevant data must be digitally transmitted from the spreadsheet or other source where the digital records are kept, directly to HMRC. The summary information for completion of the quarterly and final returns must not be physically re-typed into another software package.

The current list of MTD compatible software for income tax is here.

Further Information and Guidance

Further Information and Guidance

Other information and guidance

HMRC's guidance on MTD for ITSA can be accessed from its collection page.  

HMRC have also produced a Making Tax Digital for Business – stakeholder communications pack which contains a variety of information for both Income tax and VAT, including some frequently asked questions.

Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for general informational purposes only. AIA does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the information presented. AIA is not liable for any errors, omissions, or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from the use of this information. Members are advised to verify the information independently before making any decisions based on it.